Now, everybody has his own definition of functional, and it's not my intention to debate it, so I'm going to say that Clojure leans to functional programming, and we'll show why in this section. In Clojure, most of the data structures you work with are immutable and cannot be changed.
For example, adding a new key to a map will return a new map. The assoc function returns a new map instead of modifying the old value associated with the user symbol. The let macro can be used to create a new lexical scope with modified data:. We are not going to go that much into detail, but a significant hassle of multithreading programming is due to resource access synchronization, which can lead to deadlock if not handled correctly.
That problem does not exist in Clojure. Even when a shared state is required, Clojure provides a great story to handle it. Essentially, Clojure separates the reference types a label for something that can change and the values. It turns out such an approach is very effective and is the opposite of what usually Object-Oriented programming languages do. Clojure rejects the Object-Oriented model and considers it overrated and not particularly useful to the kind of applications we write these days "situational programs".
Rich Hickey elaborates in great detail why objects might not be a good idea in his Simple made easy talk. There's also a short clip that summarizes most of his frustration about objects. I do suggest to stop reading the article and watch this clip right now. In Clojure, you have data and functions, and yes, you can create very sophisticated programs with a set of tools significantly simpler than the one we use today.
While originally conceived to run on both the JVM and the. NET core version being worked on and not far from being complete. The Clojure website has an interop reference page where everything is explained in detail. Additionally, Clojure runs in the browser as well via ClojureScript, a compiler that targets JavaScript. The basic idea is that — by running the runtime in REPL mode, you can send instructions from an external source — and not necessarily from a file — and get the results printed out on the screen as soon as the results are ready.
This comes to be very handy in case of debugging sessions but also during the day to day development. You can fix a function while your program is running without having to restart it and lose all the accumulated state. Also, the tooling is crafted to encourage such an approach. Every programming language is only as good as its own ecosystem. Components, libraries, and community are an essential part of a successful project, and Clojure is not behind.
Clojure programmers aka Clojurians hang out in a slack channel that is free to join. Some of their maintainers are actively monitoring it. There is also a dedicated forum maintained by the Clojure team and a number of annual events. I was amused to learn that, by using Clojure, I instantly had almost doubled the number of speaking opportunities I had.
The JVM is a big deal. In Clojure, libraries tend to have a really narrow scope: when the main aim has been reached, the project is done , and people move on.
Clojure is not all fun and games. On the other hand, its JavaScript counterpart will run because functions and variables get hoisted:.
This little example shows the idea that the user has to please the compiler. Really, there is not that much difference. Likely a preference for one over the other maybe influenced by which one you learn first.
For one thing, SBCL is very strict. If you just want to "have fun" the GNU clisp is easy and available for virtually every platform. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Collectives on Stack Overflow. Learn more. Which dialect of Lisp should I learn? Asked 12 years, 4 months ago. Active 3 years, 3 months ago.
Viewed 35k times. Improve this question. Humphrey Bogart Humphrey Bogart 6, 12 12 gold badges 50 50 silver badges 58 58 bronze badges. Duplicate: stackoverflow. I did a search on that before I asked this but the nature of the question evolved as I was typing it. I will ensure not to reinvent the wheel. So what's the difference between this question and the one Greg mentions above?
I think, what he was trying to say was: When I first formulated my question in my mind, it was completely different from the current one, and looking at the questions in the related search didn't reveal any that fit what he wanted to ask. But by the time he typed out the question, it had changed and thus arrived on SO in its current form, which was asked previously. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. Here are some possibilities: Scheme. Improve this answer. Having separate namespaces is not a wart, it is just a different design decision.
Keep in mind that there are already several other namespaces also in Scheme, so the debate is rather Lisp-5 against Lisp Apart from the convenience that I can call a list "list" and a car "car" in CL, its macro system is just so much more practical and useful, because the compiler doesn't confuse things so easily.
Clojure doesn't have tail call optimization, and it can't, because the JVM bytecode doesn't support it. All it has is a "recur" special form that self-recurses the current function.
I strongly disagree. Recursion tends to produce code that's a more pure, b easier to verify, c more likely to be correct. In more detail: a it tends less to touch fewer variables outside of the function; b an inductive proof tends to naturally drop out of the recursive function, whereas with loops you need to check loop invariants, etc.
Show 5 more comments. Polfer J. Polfer Don't forget SICP! This is a classic read. Clojure is a compiled language - it compiles directly to JVM bytecode, yet remains completely dynamic. Clojure is a dialect of Lisp, and shares with Lisp the code-as-data philosophy and a powerful macro system. On the other hand, Common Lisp is detailed as " The modern, multi-paradigm, high-performance, compiled, ANSI-standardized descendant of the long-running family of Lisp programming languages ".
Lisp was originally created as a practical mathematical notation for computer programs, influenced by the notation of Alonzo Church's lambda calculus. It quickly became the favored programming language for artificial intelligence AI research. As one of the earliest programming languages, Lisp pioneered many ideas in computer science, including tree data structures, automatic storage management, dynamic typing, conditionals, higher-order functions, recursion, and the self-hosting compiler.
Clojure is an open source tool with 7. Here's a link to Clojure's open source repository on GitHub. Hello everyone! Which one should I learn? What are the differences? Are they hard to learn? Thank you! Also, for Java, there are many more libraries, tools, etc. Also, if you learn Java, you can do almost anything - mobile Android , web, and desktop apps - without "hacks".
There is native support for all of these. As with any programming language, it's not hard to learn the syntax but it's hard to understand the ecosystem, know libraries, best practices, etc.
From that point of view, I would also prefer java - more tools, more libraries, more resources, guides, how-tos, etc. I'd recommend Python due to the fact that many AI libraries and frameworks are specifically developed for the Python ecosystem.
Java is good for general purpose programming: Web, Mobile and Desktop, however doesn't really have many native libraries supporting AI Development. Hi Excuse me if I wrote the text badly because I do not know much English My suggestion is to choose Python for artificial intelligence because it has both comfortable and powerful syntax. Python is currently the best language for artificial intelligence It is better to go and learn Python and then learn one of the artificial intelligence frameworks and enter it.
I have not much idea about Lisp, but have been a Java professional since last 20 odd years. AI works on the concept of algorithms, and Java is algorithm based. Also Java has it's own AI libraries that can be reused. Also Java being a widely used language, brings with it certain advantages, ease of usage, debugging, has a large user base and support groups. And above all JVM helps you to create on single app, that can run on any platform. And it's features of garbage collection, simplifying work with large scale projects makes it better.
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